24个解决实际问题的ES6代码片段(小结)
时间:2020-02-03来源:系统城作者:电脑系统城
这是从30 seconds of code中挑出来的非常有用的一些代码片段,这是一个非常棒的项目,大家可以去github上去搜索一下,给个star。
在本文中,我试图根据它们的实际用途对它们进行分类,回答您在项目中可能遇到的常见问题:
1.如何隐藏指定的所有元素?
- const hide = (...el) => [...el].forEach(e => (e.style.display = 'none'));
-
- // Example
- hide(document.querySelectorAll('img')); // Hides all <img> elements on the page
-
2.如何检查元素是否具有指定的类?
- const hasClass = (el, className) => el.classList.contains(className);
-
- // Example
- hasClass(document.querySelector('p.special'), 'special'); // true
-
3.如何为元素切换类?
- const toggleClass = (el, className) => el.classList.toggle(className);
-
- // Example
- toggleClass(document.querySelector('p.special'), 'special');
- // The paragraph will not have the 'special' class anymore
-
这里使用了classList.toggle()方法
- toggle( String [, force] )
当只有一个参数时:切换类值;也就是说,即如果类值存在,则删除它并返回 false,如果不存在,则添加它并返回 true。
当存在第二个参数时:若第二个参数的执行结果为 true,则添加指定的类值,若执行结果为 false,则删除它。
4.如何获取当前页面的滚动位置?
- const getScrollPosition = (el = window) => ({
- x: el.pageXOffset !== undefined ? el.pageXOffset : el.scrollLeft,
- y: el.pageYOffset !== undefined ? el.pageYOffset : el.scrollTop
- });
-
- // Example
- getScrollPosition(); // {x: 0, y: 200}
-
5.如何平滑滚动到页面顶部?
- const scrollToTop = () => {
- const c = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
- if (c > 0) {
- window.requestAnimationFrame(scrollToTop);
- window.scrollTo(0, c - c / 8);
- }
- };
-
- // Example
- scrollToTop();
-
递归的方法不断调用使用scrollToTop(),requestAnimationFrame方法告诉浏览器——你希望执行一个动画,并且要求浏览器在下次重绘之前调用指定的回调函数更新动画。它的回调函数执行次数通常与浏览器屏幕刷新次数相匹配,所以效果会比较平滑。
获取当前页面滚动条纵坐标的位置:document.body.scrollTop与document.documentElement.scrollTop
获取当前页面滚动条横坐标的位置:document.body.scrollLeft与document.documentElement.scrollLeft
6.如何检查父元素是否包含子元素?
- const elementContains = (parent, child) => parent !== child && parent.contains(child);
-
- // Examples
- elementContains(document.querySelector('head'), document.querySelector('title'));
- // true
- elementContains(document.querySelector('body'), document.querySelector('body')); // false
-
7.如何检查指定的元素在视口中是否可见?
- const elementIsVisibleInViewport = (el, partiallyVisible = false) => {
- const { top, left, bottom, right } = el.getBoundingClientRect();
- const { innerHeight, innerWidth } = window;
- return partiallyVisible
- ? ((top > 0 && top < innerHeight) || (bottom > 0 && bottom < innerHeight)) &&
- ((left > 0 && left < innerWidth) || (right > 0 && right < innerWidth))
- : top >= 0 && left >= 0 && bottom <= innerHeight && right <= innerWidth;
- };
-
- // Examples
- elementIsVisibleInViewport(el); // (not fully visible)
- elementIsVisibleInViewport(el, true); // (partially visible)
-
传入partiallyVisible参数,区分判断是是部分可见还是全部可见。
Element.getBoundingClientRect()方法返回元素的大小及其相对于视口的位置。
8.如何获取元素中的所有图像?
- const getImages = (el, includeDuplicates = false) => {
- const images = [...el.getElementsByTagName('img')].map(img => img.getAttribute('src'));
- return includeDuplicates ? images : [...new Set(images)];
- };
-
- // Examples
- getImages(document, true); // ['image1.jpg', 'image2.png', 'image1.png', '...']
- getImages(document, false); // ['image1.jpg', 'image2.png', '...']
-
9.如何确定设备是移动设备还是台式机/笔记本电脑?
- const detectDeviceType = () =>
- /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)
- ? 'Mobile'
- : 'Desktop';
-
- // Example
- detectDeviceType(); // "Mobile" or "Desktop"
-
10.如何获取当前URL
- const currentURL = () => window.location.href;
-
- // Example
- currentURL(); // 'https://google.com'
-
11.如何创建包含当前URL参数的对象?
- const getURLParameters = url =>
- (url.match(/([^?=&]+)(=([^&]*))/g) || []).reduce(
- (a, v) => ((a[v.slice(0, v.indexOf('='))] = v.slice(v.indexOf('=') + 1)), a),
- {}
- );
-
- // Examples
- getURLParameters('http://url.com/page?n=Adam&s=Smith'); // {n: 'Adam', s: 'Smith'}
- getURLParameters('google.com'); // {}
-
12.如何将一组表单元素编码为对象?
- const formToObject = form =>
- Array.from(new FormData(form)).reduce(
- (acc, [key, value]) => ({
- ...acc,
- [key]: value
- }),
- {}
- );
-
- // Example
- formToObject(document.querySelector('#form')); // { email: 'test@email.com', name: 'Test Name' }
-
Array.from方法用于将两类对象转为真正的数组。类似数组的对象(array-like object)和可遍历(iterable)的对象(包括 ES6 新增的数据结构 Set 和 Map)。
reducer 函数接收4个参数:
- Accumulator (acc) (累计器)
- Current Value (cur) (当前值)
- Current Index (idx) (当前索引)
- Source Array (src) (源数组)
13.如何从对象中检索出给定的一组属性?
- const get = (from, ...selectors) =>
- [...selectors].map(s =>
- s
- .replace(/\[([^\[\]]*)\]/g, '.$1.')
- .split('.')
- .filter(t => t !== '')
- .reduce((prev, cur) => prev && prev[cur], from)
- );
- const obj = { selector: { to: { val: 'val to select' } }, target: [1, 2, { a: 'test' }] };
-
- // Example
- get(obj, 'selector.to.val', 'target[0]', 'target[2].a'); // ['val to select', 1, 'test']
-
14.延迟调用提供的函数(以毫秒为单位)
- const delay = (fn, wait, ...args) => setTimeout(fn, wait, ...args);
- delay(
- function(text) {
- console.log(text);
- },
- 1000,
- 'later'
- );
-
- // Logs 'later' after one second.
-
15.如何在给定元素上触发特定事件,并可选地传递自定义数据?
- const triggerEvent = (el, eventType, detail) =>
- el.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventType, { detail }));
-
- // Examples
- triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'), 'click');
- triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'), 'click', { username: 'bob' });
-
构造方法 CustomerEvent() 创建一个新的 CustomEvent 对象。
CustomEvent 事件是由程序创建的,可以有任意自定义功能的事件。
16.如何从元素中移除事件侦听器?
- const off = (el, evt, fn, opts = false) => el.removeEventListener(evt, fn, opts);
-
- const fn = () => console.log('!');
- document.body.addEventListener('click', fn);
- off(document.body, 'click', fn); // no longer logs '!' upon clicking on the page
-
17.将给定的毫秒数转换为可读格式
- const formatDuration = ms => {
- if (ms < 0) ms = -ms;
- const time = {
- day: Math.floor(ms / 86400000),
- hour: Math.floor(ms / 3600000) % 24,
- minute: Math.floor(ms / 60000) % 60,
- second: Math.floor(ms / 1000) % 60,
- millisecond: Math.floor(ms) % 1000
- };
- return Object.entries(time)
- .filter(val => val[1] !== 0)
- .map(([key, val]) => `${val} ${key}${val !== 1 ? 's' : ''}`)
- .join(', ');
- };
-
- // Examples
- formatDuration(1001); // '1 second, 1 millisecond'
- formatDuration(34325055574); // '397 days, 6 hours, 44 minutes, 15 seconds, 574 milliseconds'
-
18.如何得到两个日期之间的差异(以天为单位)
- const getDaysDiffBetweenDates = (dateInitial, dateFinal) =>
- (dateFinal - dateInitial) / (1000 * 3600 * 24);
-
- // Example
- getDaysDiffBetweenDates(new Date('2017-12-13'), new Date('2017-12-22')); // 9
-
19.如何对传递的URL发出GET请求
- const httpGet = (url, callback, err = console.error) => {
- const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
- request.open('GET', url, true);
- request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText);
- request.onerror = () => err(request);
- request.send();
- };
-
- httpGet(
- 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1',
- console.log
- );
-
- // Logs: {"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "sample title", "body": "my text"}
-
20.如何对传递的URL发出POST请求?
- const httpPost = (url, data, callback, err = console.error) => {
- const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
- request.open('POST', url, true);
- request.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
- request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText);
- request.onerror = () => err(request);
- request.send(data);
- };
-
- const newPost = {
- userId: 1,
- id: 1337,
- title: 'Foo',
- body: 'bar bar bar'
- };
- const data = JSON.stringify(newPost);
- httpPost(
- 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts',
- data,
- console.log
- );
-
- // Logs: {"userId": 1, "id": 1337, "title": "Foo", "body": "bar bar bar"}
21. 如何为指定的选择器创建具有指定范围、步骤和持续时间的计数器?
- const counter = (selector, start, end, step = 1, duration = 2000) => {
- let current = start,
- _step = (end - start) * step < 0 ? -step : step,
- timer = setInterval(() => {
- current += _step;
- document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = current;
- if (current >= end) document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = end;
- if (current >= end) clearInterval(timer);
- }, Math.abs(Math.floor(duration / (end - start))));
- return timer;
- };
-
- // Example
- counter('#my-id', 1, 1000, 5, 2000); // Creates a 2-second timer for the element with id="my-id"
-
22.如何将字符串复制到剪贴板
- const copyToClipboard = str => {
- const el = document.createElement('textarea');
- el.value = str;
- el.setAttribute('readonly', '');
- el.style.position = 'absolute';
- el.style.left = '-9999px';
- document.body.appendChild(el);
- const selected =
- document.getSelection().rangeCount > 0 ? document.getSelection().getRangeAt(0) : false;
- el.select();
- document.execCommand('copy');
- document.body.removeChild(el);
- if (selected) {
- document.getSelection().removeAllRanges();
- document.getSelection().addRange(selected);
- }
- };
-
- // Example
- copyToClipboard('Lorem ipsum'); // 'Lorem ipsum' copied to clipboard.
-
document.getSelection()返回一个 Selection 对象,表示用户选择的文本范围或光标的当前位置。
23.判断页面的浏览器选项卡是否聚焦
- const isBrowserTabFocused = () => !document.hidden;
-
- // Example
- isBrowserTabFocused(); // true
-
24.如果不存在目录,则如何创建
- const fs = require('fs');
- const createDirIfNotExists = dir => (!fs.existsSync(dir) ? fs.mkdirSync(dir) : undefined);
-
- // Example
- createDirIfNotExists('test'); // creates the directory
-
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持我们。
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