时间:2020-11-29来源:www.pcxitongcheng.com作者:电脑系统城
django-simple-captcha是django的验证码包,非常简单实用,这次记录的是如何点击验证码后刷新验证码,因为这个功能官方文档并没有详细给出。
django-simple-captcha官方文档:http://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
django-simple-captcha的github网址:https://github.com/mbi/django-simple-captcha
开始
1.安装 pip install django-simple-captcha, pip install Pillow
2.将captcha 加入 settings.py 的 INSTALLED_APPS
3.运行 python manage.py makemigrations 和 python manage.py migrate
4.url路由加入urls.py的urlpatterns
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urlpatterns = [ path( 'captcha/' , include( 'captcha.urls' )), # 图片验证码 路由 path( 'refresh_captcha/' , views.refresh_captcha), # 刷新验证码,ajax path( 'test/' ,IndexView.as_view()), #get与post请求路径 ] |
5.在views.py中加入以下代码
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from django.shortcuts import render from django.views.generic import View from captcha.models import CaptchaStore from captcha.helpers import captcha_image_url from django.http import HttpResponse import json # 创建验证码 def captcha(): hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案 image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 验证码地址 captcha = { 'hashkey' : hashkey, 'image_url' : image_url} return captcha #刷新验证码 def refresh_captcha(request): return HttpResponse(json.dumps(captcha()), content_type = 'application/json' ) # 验证验证码 def jarge_captcha(captchaStr, captchaHashkey): if captchaStr and captchaHashkey: try : # 获取根据hashkey获取数据库中的response值 get_captcha = CaptchaStore.objects.get(hashkey = captchaHashkey) if get_captcha.response = = captchaStr.lower(): # 如果验证码匹配 return True except : return False else : return False class IndexView(View): def get( self , request): hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案 image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 验证码地址 print (hashkey,image_url) captcha = { 'hashkey' : hashkey, 'image_url' : image_url} return render(request, "login.html" , locals ()) def post( self , request): capt = request.POST.get( "captcha" , None ) # 用户提交的验证码 key = request.POST.get( "hashkey" , None ) # 验证码答案 if jarge_captcha(capt, key): return HttpResponse( "验证码正确" ) else : return HttpResponse( "验证码错误" ) |
6.templates文件夹下login.html的内容
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{% load static %} < html lang = "en" > < head > < meta charset = "UTF-8" > < title >Title</ title > < script src = "https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js" ></ script > < script src = "https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.js" ></ script > </ head > < body > < form action = "/test/" method = "post" > {% csrf_token %} < a href = "#" rel = "external nofollow" class = "captcha" > < img src = "{{ captcha.image_url }}" alt = "点击切换" id = "id_captcha" > </ a > < br > < input type = "text" name = "captcha" placeholder = "验证码" > < br > < input value = "{{ captcha.hashkey }}" name = "hashkey" type = "hidden" id = "id_captcha_0" > < button type = "submit" class = "btn btn-primary btn-block " >提交</ button > </ form > < script > <!-- 动态刷新验证码js --> $(document).ready(function(){ $('.captcha').click(function () { $.getJSON("/refresh_captcha/", function (result) { $('#id_captcha').attr('src', result['image_url']); $('#id_captcha_0').val(result['hashkey']) }); }); }); </ script > </ body > </ html > |
django-simple-captcha并没有使用session对验证码进行存储,而是使用了数据库,当你在做数据库迁移的时候会生成一个表 captcha_captchastore ,包含以下字段
challenge = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 验证码大写或者数学计算比如 1+1
response = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 需要输入的验证码 验证码小写或数学计算的结果 比如 2
hashkey = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=40, unique=True) # hash值
expiration = models.DateTimeField(blank=False) # 到期时间
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