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Nginx反向代理及负载均衡如何实现(基于linux)

时间：2020-10-03来源：www.pcxitongcheng.com作者：电脑系统城

这里来试验下nginx的反向代理。

反向代理（Reverse Proxy）方式是指以代理服务器来接受internet上的连接请求，然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个反向代理服务器。

在我们的java项目中的体现就是，通过80端口访问，Nginx接收到，然后进行转发给tomcat服务器，再将服务器的结果给返回。

这里需要修改nginx.conf文件。

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5 upstream backend {
#代理的IP weight权重大的，接收的访问量就大，反之
server localhost:8084 weight=50;
server localhost:8088 weight=50;
}

将接收的请求进行转发：

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6 # / 所有做负载均衡 + 反向代理
location / {
root /data/wwwroot1;
index index.html index.htm;#索引文件
proxy_pass http://backend;
}

这样，通过请求nginx的请求，就可以被分配转发到tomcat上去。这里我是定义了两台tomcat服务器，同时用来做负载均衡的处理。通过设置weight，可以控制访问量。

具体配置代码如下；

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145 #user nobody;
# worker 工作进程一般设置 CPU数 * 核数
worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

#pid logs/nginx.pid;

# 设置连接特性
events {
worker_connections 1024;#1个worker产生多少个连接数
}

# 配置HTTP服务器的主要段
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

#access_log logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;

#gzip压缩功能设置
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml;
gzip_vary on;

#设定负载均衡后台服务器列表
upstream backend {
#代理的IP weight权重大的，接收的访问量就大，反之
server localhost:8084 weight=50;
server localhost:8088 weight=50;
}

server {
listen 2022;
server_name localhost;
charset utf-8;
access_log logs/wwwroot2.access.log main;
location / {
root /data/wwwroot2;
index index.html index.htm;#索引文件
}
}
# 虚拟主机段
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /data/wwwroot1;
charset utf-8;
#访问日志
access_log logs/wwwroot1.access.log main;
# / 所有做负载均衡 + 反向代理
location / {
root /data/wwwroot1;
index index.html index.htm;#索引文件
proxy_pass http://backend;
}

error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}

# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;

# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}

# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;

# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;

# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}

}

#user nobody;
# worker 工作进程 一般设置 CPU数 * 核数
worker_processes 1;
 
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
 
#pid    logs/nginx.pid;
 
# 设置连接特性
events {
  worker_connections 1024;#1个worker产生多少个连接数
}
 
# 配置HTTP服务器的主要段
http {
  include    mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
 
  log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  #         '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  #         '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
  #access_log logs/access.log main;
 
  sendfile    on;
  #tcp_nopush   on;
 
  #keepalive_timeout 0;
  keepalive_timeout 65;
     
  #gzip压缩功能设置
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 6;
  gzip_types text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
   
  #设定负载均衡后台服务器列表
  upstream backend {
    #代理的IP weight权重大的，接收的访问量就大，反之
    server localhost:8084 weight=50;
    server localhost:8088 weight=50;
  }
   
   
   
  server {
    listen    2022;
    server_name localhost;
    charset utf-8;
    access_log logs/wwwroot2.access.log main;
    location / {
      root  /data/wwwroot2;
      index index.html index.htm;#索引文件
    }
  }
  # 虚拟主机段
  server {
    listen    80;
    server_name localhost;
    root /data/wwwroot1;
    charset utf-8;
    #访问日志
    access_log logs/wwwroot1.access.log main;
    # / 所有做负载均衡 + 反向代理
    location / {
      root  /data/wwwroot1;
      index index.html index.htm;#索引文件
      proxy_pass  http://backend;
    }
 
    error_page 404       /404.html;
 
    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
      root  html;
    }
 
    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #  proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1;
    #}
 
    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #  root      html;
    #  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
    #  fastcgi_index index.php;
    #  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #  include    fastcgi_params;
    #}
 
    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #  deny all;
    #}
  }
 
 
  # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
  #
  #server {
  #  listen    8000;
  #  listen    somename:8080;
  #  server_name somename alias another.alias;
 
  #  location / {
  #    root  html;
  #    index index.html index.htm;
  #  }
  #}
 
 
  # HTTPS server
  #
  #server {
  #  listen    443 ssl;
  #  server_name localhost;
 
  #  ssl_certificate   cert.pem;
  #  ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
 
  #  ssl_session_cache  shared:SSL:1m;
  #  ssl_session_timeout 5m;
 
  #  ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  #  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
 
  #  location / {
  #    root  html;
  #    index index.html index.htm;
  #  }
  #}
 
}

　测试结果发现，通过访问80端口的地址，展现的结果是基本五五开的。