mysql中的sql_mode模式实例详解
时间:2020-01-03来源:系统城作者:电脑系统城
本文实例讲述了mysql中的sql_mode模式。分享给大家供大家参考,具体如下:
mysql数据库的中有一个环境变量sql_mode,定义了mysql应该支持的sql语法,数据校验等!我们可以通过以下方式查看当前数据库使用的sql_mode:
- mysql> select @@sql_mode;
- +----------------------------------------------------------------+
- | @@sql_mode |
- +----------------------------------------------------------------+
- | STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION |
- +----------------------------------------------------------------+
mysql5.0以上版本支持三种sql_mode模式
ANSI模式 |
宽松模式,对插入数据进行校验,如果不符合定义类型或长度,对数据类型调整或截断保存,报warning警告。 |
TRADITIONAL模式 |
严格模式,当向mysql数据库插入数据时,进行数据的严格校验,保证错误数据不能插入,报error错误。用于事物时,会进行事物的回滚。 |
STRICT_TRANS_TABLES模式 |
严格模式,进行数据的严格校验,错误数据不能插入,报error错误。
|
1 ANSI模式
在ANSI模式下,当我们插入数据时,未满足列长度要求时,数据同样会插入成功,但是对超出列长度的字段进行截断,同时报告warning警告。
- mysql> set @@sql_mode=ANSI;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> create table test(name varchar(4), pass varchar(4));
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
- mysql> insert into test values('aaaaa','aaaaa'),('bbbb','bbbb');
- Query OK, 2 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
- Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 2
- mysql> show warnings;
- +---------+------+-------------------------------------------+
- | Level | Code | Message |
- +---------+------+-------------------------------------------+
- | Warning | 1265 | Data truncated for column 'name' at row 1 |
- | Warning | 1265 | Data truncated for column 'pass' at row 1 |
- +---------+------+-------------------------------------------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from test;
- +------+------+
- | name | pass |
- +------+------+
- | aaaa | aaaa |
- | bbbb | bbbb |
- +------+------+
- 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
2 STRICT_TRANS_TABLES模式
在STRICT_TRANS_TABLES模式下,当我们插入数据时,mysql会严格的进行数据的校验,当发现插入列值未满足要求,直接报告error错误,保证了错误数据无法插入到数据库中。
- mysql> set @@sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> create table test(name varchar(4), pass varchar(4));
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
- mysql> insert into test values('aaaaa','aaaaa'),('bbbb','bbbb');
- ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'name' at row 1
- mysql> show errors;
- +-------+------+------------------------------------------+
- | Level | Code | Message |
- +-------+------+------------------------------------------+
- | Error | 1406 | Data too long for column 'name' at row 1 |
- +-------+------+------------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from test;
- Empty set (0.00 sec)
-
3 TRADITIONAL模式,初看结果是不是一样
- mysql> set @@sql_mode=TRADITIONAL;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> create table test(name varchar(4), pass varchar(4));
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
- mysql> insert into test values('aaaaa','aaaaa'),('bbbb','bbbb');
- ERROR 1406 (22001): Data too long for column 'name' at row 1
- mysql> show errors;
- +-------+------+------------------------------------------+
- | Level | Code | Message |
- +-------+------+------------------------------------------+
- | Error | 1406 | Data too long for column 'name' at row 1 |
- +-------+------+------------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select * from test;
- Empty set (0.00 sec)
-
但是,可以看看设置后的情况
- mysql> set @@sql_mode=TRADITIONAL;
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select @@sql_mode\G
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- @@sql_mode:STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,STRICT_ALL_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,TRADITIONAL,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
在TRADITIONAL模式下,对所有的事务存储引擎,非事务存储引擎检查,日期类型中的月和日部分不能包含0,不能有0这样的日期(0000-00-00),数据不能除0,禁止grant自动创建新用户等一些校验。
最后:
set @@只是在sessions级别设置的,要想所有的都生效,还是要设置配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]下面添加如下列:
- sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
-
#NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION对于不存在的引擎就报错,不加的话,指定不支持的引擎时指定默认的innodb
另外:sql_mode还有一个配置ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,这个表示采用group by帅选数据的时候只能查看新组内信息
改模式之前的操作
- mysql> select * from employee group by post;
- +----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
- | id | name | sex | age | hire_date | post | post_comment | salary | office | depart_id |
- +----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
- | 14 | 张野 | male | 28 | 2016-03-11 | operation | NULL | 10000.13 | 403 | 3 |
- | 9 | 歪歪 | female | 48 | 2015-03-11 | sale | NULL | 3000.13 | 402 | 2 |
- | 2 | alex | male | 78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher | NULL | 1000000.31 | 401 | 1 |
- | 1 | egon | male | 18 | 2017-03-01 | 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使 | NULL | 7300.33 | 401 | 1 |
- +----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
此时的sql_mode:
- mysql> select @@sql_mode;
- +----------------------------------------------------------------+
- | @@sql_mode |
- +----------------------------------------------------------------+
- | STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION |
- +----------------------------------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
修改一下,退出再进入才会生效
- mysql> set globalsql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY';
- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select @@sql_mode;
- +----------------------------------------------------------------+
- | @@sql_mode |
- +----------------------------------------------------------------+
- | STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION |
- +----------------------------------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> exit
- Bye
-
再次进入
- mysql> select @@sql_mode;
- +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- | @@sql_mode |
- +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- |ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION |
- +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-
下面查看修改后的查看结果
- mysql> select * from employee group by post; //只能查看post
- ERROR 1055 (42000): 't1.employee.id' isn't in GROUP BY
- mysql> select post from employee group by post;
- +-----------------------------------------+
- | post |
- +-----------------------------------------+
- | operation |
- | sale |
- | teacher |
- | 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使 |
- +-----------------------------------------+
- 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- mysql> select id,post from employee group by post;
- ERROR 1055 (42000): 't1.employee.id' isn't in GROUP BY
- mysql> select name,post from employee group by post,name; //根据group by 后面的选择查看
- +------------+-----------------------------------------+
- | name | post |
- +------------+-----------------------------------------+
- | 张野 | operation |
- | 程咬金 | operation |
- | 程咬铁 | operation |
- | 程咬铜 | operation |
- | 程咬银 | operation |
- | 丁丁 | sale |
- | 丫丫 | sale |
- | 星星 | sale |
- | 格格 | sale |
- | 歪歪 | sale |
- | alex | teacher |
- | jingliyang | teacher |
- | jinxin | teacher |
- | liwenzhou | teacher |
- | wupeiqi | teacher |
- | xiaomage | teacher |
- | yuanhao | teacher |
- | egon | 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使 |
- +------------+-----------------------------------------+
- 18 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
更多关于MySQL相关内容感兴趣的读者可查看本站专题:《MySQL查询技巧大全》、《MySQL常用函数大汇总》、《MySQL日志操作技巧大全》、《MySQL事务操作技巧汇总》、《MySQL存储过程技巧大全》及《MySQL数据库锁相关技巧汇总》
希望本文所述对大家MySQL数据库计有所帮助。
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